Social Thought and Social Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Thought and Social Change - Essay Example 6). For Enlightened scholars, the alluring bearing and last goal they focus on is where everybody lives in â€Å"a totally cheerful existence,† liberated from strict control, refined segregation and monarchical persecution (Bury 1920, p. 6). This thought is as a rule censured by current masterminds as a gullible faith in man’s ability for accomplishing flawlessness (Israel 2001, p. 3). In any case, Israel (2001, pp. 3-4) contends that â€Å"Enlightenment progress inhaled a clear consciousness of the extraordinary trouble of spreading toleration, checking strict enthusiasm, and in any case enhancing human association, efficiency, and the general condition of health.† Concurrently, despite the fact that popular Enlightened masterminds have restricting thoughts regarding how to approach accomplishing progress, it can't be denied that they share similar standards and ethics. For example, while Voltaire didn't trust in the thought of fairness and moved to instruct and illuminate blue-bloods into bettering the world, Rousseau hated them and campaigned for balance through transformation. Nonetheless, both hated the Church and outright government and looked to change business as usual (Brians 2000). It is undeniable, at that point, that the Enlightenmentâ€though ready with difficulty and clashing ideasâ€moved towards a similar goal; and that is, the accomplishment of progress through positive cultural changes. The Enlightenment represents civilisation’s real progress ahead towards an attractive heading. It is encouraging represented. The two supporters and pundits of the Enlightenment and in any event, contradicting Enlightened scholars show that its end-all and be-everything is accomplishing progress through reasonâ€progress that means to make a superior society when strict oppression and supreme government and privileged managed the world. II. Phases of History and Revolution Karl Marx sees mankind's history as a progression of st ages wherein man battles to manage and control the monetary advantages of the assets of the world so as to accomplish force and position (Weiner 2008, p. 42; Cohen 2004, p. 23). â€Å"The development of human force is the focal procedure of history. The requirement for that development clarifies why there is history† (p. 23). Consequently, Marx assesses history as the procedure of man’s battle for power over the creating arrangement of creation (Shaw 1978, p. 152). Marx (1904, p. 28) expresses the principal phase of history as crude socialism where merchandise and property are shared and the methods for creation incorporate chasing and assembling; the subsequent stage is slave society where a class society dependent on private proprietorship is set up (pp. 285-286); third is feudalism (p. 216); fourth is private enterprise (p. 19); fifth is communism (p. 10); and the last stage is unadulterated socialism displayed through a raunchy society and the abrogation of private possession (Marx and Engels 1858 qtd. in Schumaker 2010, p. 46). This is a past filled with class battle, as â€Å"new types of society emerge suitable to the new types of creation when the new classes win power† (McCarthy 1995). It very well may be seen here how each verifiable stage proceeds onward to the following just with the obliteration of a financial framework through the uprising of the lower classes. For example, feudalism developed into free enterprise after the landed blue-bloods was tested by skilled workers and vendors (Bowen 2011).

Autism Essay -- Health, Dolphin Assisted Therapies

In a profound, dim blue sea, an amazingly lovely and bright animal with a sickle moon body shape swims through shining rushes of light. This strange creature goes to a coastline ordinarily to meet his deep rooted closest companion who, in contrast to itself, has two legs rather than long, elusive, smoothed out accidents. Presently, they are sharing probably the best second in their lives. This is the scene I have consistently found in my fantasy at whatever point I wish to have a dolphin companion with whom I can uninhibitedly swim and collaborate. At the point when I see their eyes, it appears as though dolphins are guessing what me might be thinking, and I likewise feel like I can guess their thoughts, as well. It is remarkable for an individual to get a chance to associate with that dazzling animal and get a sentiment of mending. Nonetheless, a few analysts prescribe kids with mental imbalance to invest some energy with dolphins since they accept that a dolphin has mentally and in structively remedial impacts. Thinking about the high number of medically introverted youngsters in the United States, I need to dig into, not just how utilizing dolphins in treatments for mentally unbalanced kids in the United States influences their instructive capacities, yet additionally how here and there dolphin-helped treatments reflect people’s eagerness to utilize a guiltless animal for their own advantage. What is mental imbalance? As indicated by Merriam-Webster word reference, mental imbalance is characterized as â€Å"a variable formative issue that shows up by age three and is described by impedance of the capacity to shape typical social relationships† (Webster 65). At whatever point I see the meanings of various issue, I am consistently inquisitive about the principles of various ailments. For instance, for chemical imbalance, the definition says that mentally unbalanced kids ordinarily experience issues in having typical social connection... ...om drowning† (Williamson 477). In like manner, guardians will in general accept that dolphins would spare their kids from mental imbalance. Notwithstanding, does utilizing a creature for our own motivations satisfactory? Does DAT, in certain viewpoints, reflect people’s avarice to utilize a guiltless animal for their own advantage? Cathy Williams, in her article, proposes that â€Å"DAT can introduce a critical hazard to the wellbeing and government assistance of dolphins utilized in programs† on the grounds that dissimilar to chemical imbalance kids, â€Å"their conditions might be neither assessed, nor regulated† (Williamson 477). Moreover, some of the time the pressure of their imprisonment keeps them from acting typically and it frequently makes them sick and results sudden passing. Dolphins have no opportunity. Some way or another they are brought to a spot where they are â€Å"held in captivity† (Williamson 477). Do people have a unique option to do this to a creature with no consent?

Discretion Of Lower Courts Example

Watchfulness Of Lower Courts Example Watchfulness Of Lower Courts †Coursework Example Watchfulness of Lower Courts al Affiliation) Activities that Permit the Lower Courts to Implement Decisions Legally, the lower court has the order or the position to decipher choices of the Higher Court: For this situation, some significant arrangements are normally made by the Higher or Appellate Courts, and such choices are naturally deciphered by lower courts. The understanding of choices made by the higher court in the lower courts rely upon different issues for example a judge’s individual point of view with respect to the arrangement (iipdigital.usembassy.gov). Also the authorization of lower courts to settle on choices originates from the structure of the United States’ Judicial System. The US Judiciary framework is portrayed by independence, decentralization just as autonomy, in this way most appointed authorities will in general settle on choices unafraid of prosecution, if they keep their electorate fulfilled by their administrations (www.iwenger.com). Then ag ain, the exercises attempted in the lower courts are generally allowed by the method of conveying an approach by the Higher or Supreme Courts (www.iwenger.com). That is, the point at which an intrigue is made on a lower court, the higher court steps up to the plate of advising the lower courts and different courts in regards to the choices through different methods of correspondence, for example, Printed duplicates and the web where the adjudicators can obtain the data. Cures Applied by Public to Influence Decisions that are Yet to be Made by Lower CourtsOne of the cures that the overall population may use to encourage dynamic that an adjudicator from a lower court still can't seem to actualize, is to settle on an intrigue for a choice to be made by a higher court. This cure depends on the accessible legitimate structures that license such choices to either be made at the higher courts or the brings down courts, in this way the overall population needs to think about this. Also, the overall population may embrace promotion battles, mentioning for reasonable judgment and proper dynamic procedures in a way that the general public’s needs are met. Promotion crusades are viewed as suitable systems that have been applied to advocate for rights and decency. This can be applied in lower courts particularly if the choices to be made by the lower courts have an effect of the overall population. ReferencesIIP Digital | U.S. Branch of State. (2008, May 14). Recovered December 3, 2014, from http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/distribution/2008/05/20080522225408eaifas0.2850305.html#axzz3KmcW21oG section 14 Top of FormBottom of FormWenger - Impact of Judicial Policies. (n.d.). Recovered December 3, 2014, from iwenger.com/impact_of_judicial_policies

The Canadian Economy essays

The Canadian Economy papers With a populace of more than 30 million Canada is one of the universes biggest and most grounded economies. Canada appreciates an alluring way of life, an incredible framework, an exceptionally taught and gifted work power just as a merited notoriety as a fruitful exchanging country. Canadas economy has not generally been like this. In the late 1980s, directly around the fourth quarter of 87 the Canadian economy hit a pinnacle. The economy had quite recently recouped from a trough before in the year, yet what they didnt acknowledge at the time was that they were going down into another trough, which they would in the end scrape the bottom in the second quarter of 91. I decided to investigate the Canadian Economy from 1987 to 1994. While analyzing the graph for Canadas genuine GDP off Yardeni.com I arrived at the resolution that Canadas Economy is solid, it has just hit a negative percent changes twice in the previous 20 years. The second negative percent change happened in the mid 90s and that is the thing that I am going to make sense of by utilizing some GDP Expenditure Component graphs, a retail deals diagram, the shopper value record outline, and in conclusion the loan costs diagram. Customer spending was on the fall, government spending was here and there, genuine capital spending was declining, and imports far exceeded sends out. At the point when purchaser spending falls, with it goes the GDP, it puts the multiplier impact into play. At the point when customer spending changes in a little manner, it can dramatically affect everything else. The move of the administration didn't appear to have an undeniable relationship in the down spiraling economy. Government spending rose about 6% during the extension of 1987 and fell down nearly 4% the next year, however as the economy continued falling, government spending didn't transform, it was irregularly moving all through the accompanying 3 years, until it hit base and fell almost 8% from 91 to 94. Alt... <!

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo

Another Year, Another Journey Through The Magical Land of Book Expo This year I attended the last day of BookExpo. BookExpo is a magical land in the heart of New York City, at a place called the Javits Center. It is full of tote bags. So, so many tote bags. Can you spot all of the tote bags in this picture? I bet you cant. At BookExpo, you can meet celebrities like John Cena and Lupita Nyongo, both of whom have written childrens books this year. It seems like thats the thing to do these days. Or,   you can meet Sean Penn, if thats the sort of thing youre into instead (Just a little joke, Sean Penn! You were great in  Mystic River).  Im not sure exactly what Sean Penn was doing there, but hes probably also written a childrens book. Two years ago, I went to  BookCon, which is apparently not the same thing as BookExpo, but they are related, which is confusing. BookExpo is more for industry insiders (fancy) while BookCon is more for the general public. Both are overwhelming and generally result in walking around in a daze, taking in the breathless sights of the sheer number of books in the world and the sad fact that even if you lived a thousand lifetimes, you would never have time to read all of them. Some people do try, though. The sheer amount of checked rolling suitcases waiting to be filled with ARCs of new books is also staggering: No, this is not an airport. Even so, I have come to love this annual tradition. I got to see a panel of diverse middle grade authors talk about the importance of representation for middle schoolers. I picked up a large stack of books that Im excited about diving into, particularly  My Life As An Ice Cream Sandwich, from  National Book Award finalist Ibi Zoboi, and  Im Telling The Truth But Im Lying,  a new essay collection by  Bassey Ikpi. I also got an ARC of the new adventure/graphic novel hybrid  Cursed, by Thomas Wheeler with illustrations by Frank Miller. I really like Millers artwork. Imagine my surprise when I brought it home to glance through it to see that most of the artwork wasnt even there. Curse you, Simon Schuster Books for Young Readers Division! But really, its on me, I guess. Thats what I get for waiting for 45 minutes for an ARC! But really, after several years now of covering the bookselling and book publishing world, what I have really come to have a great fondness for is the community. People say all the time that people in the book industry are some of the greatest in the world. At BookExpo, it really is true. Im sure there are some bad apples, but if so I havent met any yet. My favorite thing about BookExpo is walking through the chaos of Javits, amidst all of the books and all of the promotional materials and advertisements, and seeing three or four people just sitting at a table, talking passionately together. Sure it can be mega-corporatized, but its also great to see so many people converge on one place, all to share their love of books. I wasnt kidding when I said it was a magical place. Also, did I mention there were cool totes? #worthit

Campus Fast Foods Case study - 1100 Words

Campus Fast Foods: Case study (Book Review Sample) Content: Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameClass NameDateCampus Food Problems: Case StudyCharactersThe characters in this case study include Aidan and his three roommates, the students of Michigan State University and the students at the organic food stand. The organic food stand is a socially responsible group that encourages people to eat organic food rather than processed ones. In their attention to the type of food consumed they have displayed various strengths and weaknesses. One of the strengths is their ability to be socially responsible by promoting food that is of higher quality and healthier among students. Organic foods are considered good for environment and consumers, and the food supply is one of the aspects that very pollution central in our culture. As Komives and Wendy suggest, social responsibility is essential for the entire community (30).The organic food stand is also friendlier and approachable since when Aidan approaches them with a dil emma of how to eat healthy food politely explained to him the options necessary in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. Their good leadership made Aidan to join the group and began spreading the benefit of eating organic food. In addition, the characters are in a position to inspire people to change and move towards achieving their goal. However, the leaders tend to focus more on stopping people to eat processed food rather than how they will get the organic food. The campus is full of packaged food and they should try to find ways of bringing the healthier food closer to the students at affordable prices.The players in this case include Aiden and the organic food. The role of Aiden is that of a student who has indulged more in consumption of fast foods affecting his health. Upon meeting the organic farm stand he decides to change his eating habits and join the group in spreading awareness about healthy eating. The role of the organic farm stand is that creating awareness about the ben efit of organic foods and helping people to change their eating habits in campus.Environment of the CaseThe environment of Michigan State University was full of thousands of people around with many distractions and a lot of food available to the students. It was filled with the temptation of eating unhealthy food. This is a major problem to the students since the food that was readily available to them was unhealthy food which is a major cause of obesity. As in the case of Aidan, after indulging in unhealthy food he gained a lot of weight and lost his strength. He felt lazy as he had no much energy to do things.Unhealthy eating was common in the school since the students had resources available to them. The school had a cafeteria that offered various fast foods like sandwiches, countless bagels and pasta. Outside the school, the students could find themselves at McDonalds as the place had what they wanted making them lazy to cook fresh foods.The Seven CsAccording to Komives and Wen dy the seven Cs of social change are very critical values (45). The first C, which is collaboration, involves viewing leadership as a group process. In this case, the organic food stand aims at achieving its goal of creating awareness of organic foods through sharing responsibilities among its members. It goes ahead to include Aidan as a member who also takes the role of empowering people about eating unhealthy foods. This is efficient as it encourages members to achieve their goals. The second C is common purpose. It develops when people work together having shared values and aims (Komives and Wendy, 47). In this case, the members worked with each other with the aim of encouraging people to eat organic food which is healthy. Aidan attributes a feeling of common purpose within the group as his reason of joining the group. Having a common goal allow members to actively participate hence achieve their aim with ease.The third C is controversy with civility which shows that any group ha s differences which can be accepted and resolved by honest and open dialogue. The organic farm stand avoided having differences by trusting in each other with the given responsibilities. The forth C is consciousness of self which means knowing oneself or self awareness. Aidan in this case is aware of his weaknesses and felt he needed change. He join the organic farm stand and like the rest of the students, he become aware of the need to eat healthy foods which is important for social change (Komives and Wendy, 48).The fifth C is congruence which means being consistent and understanding values, strengths and beliefs of oneself. The students at organic farm stand were consistent and honest with their values of helping fellow students to eat healthy foods and thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s the reason Aidan believed in them and decided to join them. The sixth C is commitment; the students of organic farm food were committed to encourage people ...

Essay about Tragic Flaws of Othello - 1137 Words

Jealousy and Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello By: Ryan Mongon The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw. Ââ€" Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of Aristotelian drama. It focuses upon a very small cast of characters, one of the smallest used in Shakespeare. Also, it has few distractions from the main plot, and concentrates on just a few themes, like jealousy. In Shakespeares†¦show more content†¦Dignity, courage, a strong belief in religion, self-control and sound judgment is a few of Othellos other positive attributes portrayed in the play. His confidence in himself and his courage are clearly evident when Othello makes a stand before Brabantio, Roderigo and Iago, when following the drawing of their swords, Othello, as opposed to withdrawing in the face of danger taunts Keep up your bright swords, for the dew will rust them. (1:2:2 5:76-77). Shakespeare continues to portray Othello as a well-respected nobleman throughout his play, from beginning to end. Shakespeare also shows a soft side when he displays Othellos love and confidence in his wife Desdemona. Othello entrusts his wife to the care of another gentleman, as he must go off to war in Cyprus. The entrusted man and his wife happen to be his good friend Iago and his wife Emilia. His trustworthiness makes him a greatly respected person. Through nobility, respect, love, and trust, Othello is considered to be an honorable and commendable man. However, Othellos background is unsophisticated, and often affects his attitude. Othello is a person who is innocent and base in nature. He was influenced by the way his life was going on. The people around Othello also knew of his attitude. Iago is very quick to see this. In his first soliloquy, Iago says, the Moor is of aShow MoreRelatedOthello Tragic Flaw1643 Words   |  7 PagesKapoor Professor Shapiro English 220.03 20 October 2017 It Is Othello’s Own Faults In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello is a highly acclaimed general and because of his many achievements he has transcended stereotypes projected upon Moors in Venetian society. Desdemona and the nature of her affair, although it is false, is considered to be the root cause of Othello’s downfall and violent demise. Othello feels anxious about the racist nature engrained in Venetian society and eventually projects this mannerRead More Tragic Flaws Of Othello Essay1081 Words   |  5 Pages Jealousy and Gullibility: The Devastating Flaws of Othello â€Å"The tragic flaw is the most important part of the hero and the events that occur in the work is a reflection of that flaw.† – Aristotle The plot of William Shakespeares Othello is a tale of love, jealousy, and betrayal; however, the characters, themes, and attitudes of the works are different, with Shakespeares play being a more involved study of human nature and psychology. Othello is considered to be a prime example of AristotelianRead MoreThe Tragic Flaw Of Shakespeare s Othello1108 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Othello† tragedy, written by Williame Shakespeare, is an excellent example of Renaissance humanism. Tragedy is a drama or literary work in which the main character is brought to ruin or suffers extreme sorrow, especially as a consequence of a tragic flaw. Othello was brought down by a fatal fault jealousy in his character. Shakespeare s other great tragedies -- Hamlet, Macbeth and King Lear -- deal with issues that affect the well-being of entire nations, whereas Othello is a tragedy withRead MoreEssay The Tragedy of Othello1292 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare masterfully crafted Ot hello, the Moor of Venice as an Aristotelian tragedy play. The main protagonist of the play, Othello, is the perfect example of a tragic hero. Shakespeare was influenced by Aristotle’s concept of a tragic hero and used Aristotle’s principles to create Othello. William Shakespeare attempted to create an Aristotelian tragedy play with a tragic hero and succeeded in Othello, the Moor of Venice by weaving in pity and fear into each line and action. The powerRead MoreConventions of a Shakespeare Tragedy1189 Words   |  5 Pagesare tragic hero with a tragic flaw, anti-hero, tragic fall, fate, and supernatural. A convention is something in Shakespeare that has a certain effect. The tragic hero always has a tragic flaw. A tragic hero cannot be a hero unless he has a tragic flaw. The tragic flaw brings the downfall of the hero. Othello is the tragic hero, because Othello is a character of nobility. He is good at the beginning but at the end he starts to become evil. ‘‘Othello’s downfall is jealousy (Othello’s Tragic Flaw)Read MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s Othello and Oedipus Rex In Shakespeare’s work Othello: The Moor of Venice, Othello’s over trusting nature was revealed when his trust in false accusations about his wife Desdemona’s unfaithfulness causes him to kill her and himself, conveying Othello as a tragic hero. Oedipus, the main character in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. Oedipus Rex and Othello share a commonRead MoreThe Tragic Tragedy Of William Shakespeare s Othello1523 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition fits perfectly with William Shakespeare epic play, Othello. The famous Shakespeare play is about the downfall of a Moorish general who expresses jealousy and murder. Othello was an amazing general for the Venice army, but his downfall cost him everything he loved so dearly. He killed his own wife because he believes Iago’s lies about her cheating on him. His beliefs in Iago cost him everything th at is precious to him. Othello can be seen as a great tragedy, and the play filled Aristotle’sRead MoreThe Mirror Of Weaknesses Of Shakespeare s Othello Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesWeaknesses Humans are contradictions, which good and evil nature both exists. The grand tragic play Othello written by Shakespeare illustrates the contradictions in human natures through the display of tragic falls of various characters such as Othello, Iago, and Roderigo. Othello, the protagonist of the play, fell in love with the daughter of a nobleman, Desdemona. However, this relationship is soon broken up because Othello believed the accusation from Iago, Othello’s subordinate, towards Desdemona forRead MoreOthello As A Tragic Hero872 Words   |  4 Pagesof Venice, Othello is transformed into a crazy, senseless man. William Shakespeare uses the idea of a tragic hero in almost all of his dramas. A tragic hero can be described as a person of high status who is neither completely good nor completely evil, possesses a tragic flaw, and leaves this flaw to be the reason for his/her downfall. Othello believes he can trust one of his soldiers, Iago, who is determined to seek revenge on Ot hello for not promoting him to be a lieutenant. Othellorsquo;s temperRead MoreOthello: The Tragic Hero in Shakespeares Play1219 Words   |  5 PagesA tragic hero is a noble and virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy, destined for downfall, suffering and defeat. The character has a fatal flaw, with combined external forces brings on a tragedy. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, it is a play of revenge, anger, jealousy, heartbreak and remorse. Set in the streets of Venice and Cyprus, Othello is the general of the Venetian army, and chose Cassio to be his lieutenant, with Iago who was appointed to Othello’s ancient was very angry about

The risk of innovation with financial firms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 995 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Throughout history it has been observed that financial institutions have often failed. Some of the most common reasons for this can be attributed to regulation, either lack of or too much. Risk is often cyclical in nature, when the market is in an upswing most financial institutions will increase their appetite for risk and when the market is in a downturn, financial institutions will cut back on lending and increase their reserves (Peretez et al, 2009, p.609). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The risk of innovation with financial firms" essay for you Create order Markets respond to changing conditions in search of increased profitability (UOL Lecture Notes, 2011). Changing conditions thus support the foundation of financial innovation, in which many of these institutions seek to achieve the highest possible profits sometimes with inappropriate risk taking and total disregard for possible outcomes. Why do Financial Firms Innovate and Maintain an Appetite for Risk? Banks are mainly regulated in order to protect the interest of its depositors (liabilities) and limit risk taking which is known as prudential regulation (Kohn, 2004, p.595). Because bank balance sheets are often mismatched short-term liabilities (deposit funds) against longer term assets (loans) it leaves the bank more open to adverse shocks such as bank runs. While banks are often covered by depositors insurance, this is not always effective in preventing a bank run because depositors will often react to what others are doing. Deposit insurance as well as lenders of last resorts such as Central Banks essentially allows depositors some reassurance; however this can also be an incentive for banks to engage in riskier behavior. While certain regulations have been put in place to deter risky behavior, evidence shows that many financial institutions have sought out ways to maneuver around regulations. This is most often in an attempt to enhance profitability through the creation of other types of assets. According to Calomiris (2009, p. 65) financial innovations often respond to regulation by sidestepping regulatory restrictions that would otherwise limit activities in which people wish to engage. Banks are not the only financial intermediaries which are regulated. The securities market which involves institutional investors and arms length investors also require protection. The main reasons why these investors need protection are to guard against cheating and instability (Kohn, 2004, p. 637). Different countries have different regulation requirements. For example the UK and US use the Anglo model which serves to monitor and reinforce the market, and the Continental model is moreover used by Europe and Asia which has a more direct influence and control over the market (UOL Lecture Notes, 2011). The most important determinant of banks and other financial intermediaries is the inherent liquidity risk issue. It is of utmost importance that liquidity risk i s markedly monitored. Illiquidity for a financial institution poses a threat to its continued success. Lack of liquid resources ultimately leads to failure. There are two ways in which banks can manage liquidity risk, internal and external. Internal risk management entails the bank holding reserves as well as matching maturities and currency denominations of its assets and liabilities. External management involves the reliability of obtaining funding from outside resources while hedging with the use of derivatives to minimize risk (Kohn, 2004, p.603). There have been an incredible amount of arguments which relate to the regulations of these institutions in regards to their use and abuse of financial innovation. But a question arises? Is all financial innovation bad? Some say that financial innovation is a necessary component that can stimulate economic growth, but is widely dependent on how it is used and others say it serves no purpose. For example according to Litan (n.d.) who cites Volckers views on financial innovation who was a former Federal Reserve Board Chairman in the US, that there have been no other recent financial innovations that have contributed to the finance industry recently other than the ATM machine. He further notes that Volckers reasoning for this could be attributed to economic development over time from the 1950s up to the 1980s where financial innovations such as CDSs and CDOs were of no importance to continued growth and stability of the economy. However according to Litan (n.d.), there are many other financial innovations which have been contributory to the growth of the economy which include, credit cards, debit cards, mobile banking, internet banking and a host of other examples. However, more recently bad financial innovations as some would call it, such as CDSs and CDOs were largely blamed for the collapse of the US Housing Market or subprime crisis. Conclusion: In conclusion, it seems very apparent to me that while some lay blame on certain financial innovations wreaking havoc which resulted in a global systemic crisis, it doesnt appear in itself that the financial innovations such as CDOs and CDSs were directly to be blamed, but rather the lack of regulation surrounding the issuance of such instruments. Perhaps if the government had intervened rather than turning a blind eye to something that was on the verge of being out of control by posing restrictions in a bid to tighten mortgage activity, the fall wouldnt have been as harsh, and there might have been less fall in asset values. From my point of view, financial innovations arent really bad; its how they are used. Last and but not least I conclude with a very interesting statement made by Litan (n.d.) who notes what has been called regulatory dialectic in finance new rules aimed at preventing old abuses being circumvented by yet new innovations, and yes sometimes by new abuses is as old as finance itself. Which leads me to believe that no matter how much one rehashes the ideas surrounding financial innovation, the fact remains that there will always be individuals and institutions who are seeking higher profits and thus find a way around those rules even if it entails risky behavior. In short rules and regulations can be in place, and new rules can replace old rules to accommodate new trends, but there will always be mistakes and arent new rules made to amend those mistakes?

One of the Most Incredibly Ignored Systems for General Essay Topics

One of the Most Incredibly Ignored Systems for General Essay Topics How to Get Started with General Essay Topics? In case the latter is true, the topic should be chosen dependent on its depth and controversial nature. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. Deciding upon a topic is an essential issue that partly estimates final success of the job. When you are requested to pick a great topic for your argument, start with something you're familiarized with. While you cannot predict every essay question, knowing some of the most usual ones may give you an advantage on applications. The secret to all types of synthesis is identical. The organization has become the most significant part a synthesis, so try out more than 1 format. You've got to guarantee accuracy and dependability of all you enter in your paper and the sole approach to do so is to understand the topic. What Does General Essay Topics Mean? Criteria for the selection could be contingent upon your interest and the knowledge you have concerning the subject. The info also needs to be easily understandable. Deciding on an emotional topic is also a great idea. Make certain you give clear explanations of the things on your list also. The Rise of General Essay Topics The political effect on literature cannot be ignored. Colleges want to get a feeling of maturity and introspectionpinpoint the transformation and demonstrate your private growth. Hence, if you believe banking e ssays are boring just like your organization studies are, then you're probably wrong here. A well-written essay may be the most persuasive portion of a scholarship program, and that's why long and attention ought to be put into its preparation. Things You Should Know About General Essay Topics You see, the conventions of English essays are somewhat more formulaic than you may think and, in various ways, it can be as easy as counting to five. You've got to compose an informative essay. Persuasive essays share a whole lot of resemblance with argumentative essays. Persuasive or argumentative essays are intended to convince the audience of someone's viewpoint about a specific topic. Even though the conclusion paragraph comes at the conclusion of your essay it shouldn't be considered an afterthought. Therefore, the above told six position essay topics will allow you to compose a fantastic piece to position essay, but be sure whatever topic you're selecting is not hard to understand and on which you are in possession of a good understanding, otherwise you won't be in a position to create sturdy arguments. Possessing relevant vocabulary for each topic will provide you a huge advantage. The 5-Minute Rule for General Essay Topics Writing a college essay can be a challenging task in the beginning, but understanding how different topics of college essays work may help you later on. The multiple topics could be found, for instance, in the dissertation abstracts international database. A college essay topic may or might not be freely dependent on the student based on the course and the professor. The ideal topic for your essay is one which is aligned with your su bject of study. You may easily use our tool to create expository research paper topics for your college requirements. Explaining how to spend less by employing open-source texts and internet textbook rental websites would result in an extremely informative essay. You could possibly be given the topic straight away by your professor, or you might be free to select the topic yourself. Following are a few of the advised sociology essay topic for those students that are unable to choose a great topic for their assignment. The Meaning of General Essay Topics To begin with, if you are in possession of a good deal of money there's no true reason to go out to work or to strive for anything. 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Ancient Maya Religious Practices and Beliefs Essays

Almost every aspect of Maya life was centered on religion. These ancient Mesoamerican peoples worshipped many gods and goddesses; this was part of their daily lives, despite class differences in their sophisticated society. Religion served as a basis for the government and social life. Priests and shamans played an important role in their government, conducted religious ceremonies, and made sacrifices to the gods. The Maya believed in the supernatural, and used this belief to explain life and their universe. Every object, whether it is part of nature or man made, was considered sacred and worshipped. The Maya universe was composed of three different realms; the Upperworld in the sky, the Earth, and the Underworld down below. Also†¦show more content†¦Xibalba was organized into nine descending levels, worsening in punishment and torture as the levels lowered. Maya Lords of Death ruled over the different levels. After death, those who led evil lives were condemned to Xi balba. The Maya described the Underworld as a place filled with water and rivers and could be entered through caves or bodies of water. Despite the various characteristics and features the Maya believed their ancestors, spirits, and gods resided in all three realms and worshiped them. Like any religion, the Mayas had religious leaders to lead the community spiritually. Priests and shamans guided the religious practices of the Maya and were of great importance to the survival of the civilization because they would help the people please the gods. Shamans were mainly commoners and looked after those in their local community. Much like medicine men of the Native American tribes, shamans used their knowledge of plants to act as doctors amongst the people and cure illness. It was the job of the shamans to perform rituals, decipher events, and tell the future so the people were able to know the will of the gods. Unlike shamans, priests were of the elite class and took part in much l arger matters. Many elite class sons became priests because they could not all hold a political office. â€Å"Priests who were full-time specialists in religious matters emerged as Maya society became larger and moreShow MoreRelatedThe Mayan Civilization And The Maya Empire1677 Words   |  7 Pages The Mayan civilization or the Maya Empire, centered in the tropical lowlands of what is now Guatemala, reached the peak of its power and influence around the sixth century A.D. The Maya excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork. Most of the great stone cities of the Maya were abandoned by A.D. 900. The Maya civilization was one of the most dominant indigenous societiesRead MoreThe Role of Religion in Shaping Civilization795 Words   |  4 Pagesand some form belief system which will be abide by all people. That’s where religion becomes the princi ples and the only carrier of righteousness a total system of living system socially. And when human started to migrate all over the world and started to invent and discover many thing like wheel, foods, clothes and most importantly city and states and ultimately formed many civilizations. So with the religion human become civilized and it is true that every civilization of ancient and Middle AgesRead MoreHow The Maya Civilization Was A Major Social Entity From Approximately 2600 B.c1316 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica Essay The Maya civilization was a major social entity from approximately 2600 B.C.E. to 1521 C.E. The Maya civilization was never a fully unified society; it was primarily made up of numerous small states, in and around what is now known as the Yucatan Peninsula. These states, each apparently centered on a city, were ruled by individual kings. Sometimes, a stronger Maya state would dominate a weaker state and be able to exact tribute and labor from it. The development of agricultureRead MoreAncient Civilization And The Mayan People917 Words   |  4 PagesEvery ancient civilization had a set of beliefs and the Mayan people were no different. The Mayan people believed in two worlds, the â€Å"everyday world and the underworld, or the Place of Awe,† (2012). The Mayans believed in many gods, human sacrifice and the burial process for the poor and the kings were very different. The Mayans became around 250 AD and the Olmec’s influenced their religious culture. It was not until 900 AD that the Mayans began to flourish in cities across modern day Mexico, GuatemalaRead MoreEssay on Collapse in Maya Society1119 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst millennium A.D., the lowland Maya empires disintegrated after 750 years of prominence (Handout 1). 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These diverse spiritual practices legitimized nearly every aspect of Mesoamerican daily life, from science and architecture to art and politics (Carmack 295), in many of the same waysRead MoreThe Culture Of The Mayas, And The Aztecs1693 Words   |  7 Pagespaper. The culture of the Mayas, and the Aztecs has been extremely fundamental in understanding my ancestry, being that I am Mexican American. I took an interest in their beautiful architecture, their ritualistic and sacrificial religious practices, as well as their history and how they began. Throughout this paper I will outline the similarities and differences of these two cultures, as well as articulate an understanding of the humanity disciplines outlined above. The Maya are probably the best-knownRead MoreThe Mayan People2269 Words   |  9 PagesThe Maya refers to a group of ancient Mesoamerican people famous for the development of the Western Hemisphere’s sophisticated culture prior to the Spanish arrival (Cook Offit 32). One of the primary factors of their culture was their religion which was characteristic of nature gods’ worship, a priestly class, astrology’s and astronomy’s importance, human sacrifice rituals, and pyramidical temples’ construction (Cook Offit 32). In addition to the religion, the Maya people are also special becauseRead MoreThe Ancient Mayan Civilization : A Rigid Social Structure1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ancient Mayan Civilization was built upon a rigid social structure based on their religious beliefs. They used a caste social structure in which divisions were based on wealth, inherited rank, privilege, profession, or occupation. Their beliefs were based on the fact that na ture elements had the power to either help or harm. The Ancient Mayans used their social structure and beliefs to shape their daily lives. The Mayans were a very religious. 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The Crystal Shard 2. On the Banks of Maer Dualdon Free Essays

string(67) " a comfortable living could be made with a minimum amount of work\." Regis the halfling, the only one of his kind for hundreds of miles in any direction, locked his fingers behind his head and leaned back against the mossy blanket of the tree trunk. Regis was short, even by the standards of his diminutive race, with the fluff of his curly brown locks barely cresting the three-foot mark, but his belly was amply thickened by his love of a good meal, or several, as the opportunities presented themselves. The crooked stick that served as his fishing pole rose up above him, clenched between two of his furry toes, and hung out over the quiet lake, mirrored perfectly in the glassy surface of Maer Dualdon. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crystal Shard 2. On the Banks of Maer Dualdon or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gentle ripples rolled down the image as the red-painted wooden bobber began to dance slightly. The line had floated in toward shore and hung limply in the water, so Regis couldn’t feel the fish nibbling at the bait. In seconds, the hook was cleaned with no catch to show for it, but the halfling didn’t know, and it would be hours before he’d even bother to check. Not that he’d have cared, anyway. This trip was for leisure, not work. With winter coming on, Regis figured that this might well be his last excursion of the year to the lake; he didn’t go in for winter fishing, like some of the fanatically greedy humans of Ten-Towns. Besides, the halfling already had enough ivory stocked up from other people’s catches to keep him busy for all seven months of snow. He was truly a credit to his less-than-ambitious race, carving out a bit of civilization in a land where none existed, hundreds of miles from the most remote settlement that could rightly be called a city. Other halflings never came this far north, even during the summer months, preferring the comfort of the southern climes. Regis, too, would have gladly packed up his belongings and returned to the south, except for a little problem he had with a certain guildmaster of a prominent thieves’ guild. A four-inch block of the â€Å"white gold† lay beside the reclining halfling, along with several delicate carving instruments. The beginnings of a horse’s muzzle marred the squareness of the block. Regis had meant to work on the piece while he was fishing. Regis meant to do a lot of things. â€Å"Too fine a day,† he had rationalized, an excuse that never seemed to grow stale for him. This time, though, unlike so many others, it truly bore credibility. It seemed as though the weather demons that bent this harsh land to their iron will had taken a holiday, or perhaps they were just gathering their strength for a brutal winter. The result was an autumn day fitting for the civilized lands to the south. A rare day indeed for the land that had come to be called Icewind Dale, a name well-earned by the eastern breezes that always seemed to blow in, bringing with them the chilled air of Reghed Glacier. Even on the few days that the wind shifted there was little relief, for Ten-Towns was bordered on the north and west by miles of empty tundra and then more ice, the Sea of Moving Ice. Only southern breezes promised any relief, and any wind that tried to reach this desolate area from that direction was usually blocked by the high peaks of the Spine of the World. Regis managed to keep his eyes open for a while, peering up through the fuzzy limbs of the fur trees at the puffy white clouds as they sailed across the sky on the mild breezes. The sun rained down golden warmth, and the halfling was tempted now and then to take off his waistcoat. Whenever a cloud blocked out the warming rays, though, Regis was reminded that it was September on the tundra. In a month there would be snow. In two, the roads west and south to Luskan, the nearest city to Ten-Towns, would be impassable to any but the sturdy or the stupid. Regis looked across the long bay that rolled in around the side of his little fishing hole. The rest of Ten-Towns was taking advantage of the weather, too; the fishing boats were out in force, scrambling and weaving around each other to find their special â€Å"hitting spots.† No matter how many times he witnessed it, the greed of humans always amazed Regis. Back in the southern land of Calimshan, the halfling had been climbing a fast ladder to Associate Guildmaster in one of the most prominent thieves’ guilds in the port city of Calimport. But, as he saw it, human greed had cut short his career. His guildmaster, the Pasha Pook, possessed a wonderful collection of rubies – a dozen, at least – whose facets were so ingeniously cut that they seemed to cast an almost hypnotic spell on anyone who viewed them. Regis had marveled at the scintillating stones whenever Pook put them out on display, and, after all, he’d only taken one. To this day, the halflin g couldn’t figure out why the Pasha, who had no less than eleven others, was still so angry with him. â€Å"Alas for the greed of humans,† Regis would say whenever the Pasha’s men showed up in another town that the halfling had made his home, forcing him to extend his exile to an even more remote land. But he hadn’t needed that phrase for a year-and-a-half now, not since he had arrived in Ten-Towns. Pook’s arms were long, but this frontier settlement, in the middle of the most inhospitable and untamed land imaginable, was a longer way still, and Regis was quite content in the security of his new sanctuary. There was wealth here, and for those nimble and talented enough to be a scrimshander, someone who could transform the ivorylike bone of a knucklehead trout into an artistic carving, a comfortable living could be made with a minimum amount of work. You read "The Crystal Shard 2. On the Banks of Maer Dualdon" in category "Essay examples" And with Ten-Towns’ scrimshaw fast becoming the rave of the south, the halfling meant to shake off his customary lethargy and turn his new-found trade into a booming business. Someday. * * * Drizzt Do’Urden trotted along silently; his soft, low-cut boots barely stirring the dust. He kept the cowl of his brown cloak pulled low over the flowing waves of his stark white hair and moved with such effortless grace that an onlooker might have thought him to be no more than an illusion, an optical trick of the brown sea of tundra. The dark elf pulled his cloak tighter about him. He felt as vulnerable in the sunlight as a human would in the dark of night. Two hundred years of living many miles below ground had not been erased by five years on the sunlit surface. To this day, sunlight drained and dizzied him. But Drizzt had traveled right through the night and was compelled to continue. Already he was overdue for his meeting with Bruenor in the dwarf’s valley, and he had seen the signs. The reindeer had begun their autumn migration southwest to the sea, yet no human tracks followed the herd. The caves north of Ten-Towns, always a stop-over for the nomadic barbarians on their way back to the tundra, had not even been stocked to reprovision the tribes on their long trek. Drizzt understood the implications. In normal barbarian life, the survival of the tribes depended on their following the reindeer herd. The apparent abandonment of their traditional ways was more than a little disturbing. And Drizzt had heard the battle drums. Their subtle rumblings rolled over the empty plain like distant thunder, in patterns usually recognizable only to the other barbarian tribes. But Drizzt knew what they foretold. He was an observer who understood the value of knowledge of friend or foe, and he had often used his stealth prowess to observe the daily routines and traditions of the proud natives of Icewind Dale, the barbarians. Drizzt picked up his pace, pushing himself to the limits of his endurance. In five short years, he had come to care for the cluster of villages known as Ten-Towns and for the people who lived there. Like so many of the other outcasts who had finally settled there, the drow had found no welcome anywhere else in the Realms. Even here he was only tolerated by most, but in the unspoken kinship of fellow rogues, few people bothered him. He’d been luckier than most; he’d found a few friends who could look beyond his heritage and see his true character. Anxiously, the dark elf squinted at Kelvin’s Cairn, the solitary mountain that marked the entrance to the rocky dwarven valley between Maer Dualdon and Lac Dinneshere, but his violet-colored almond eyes, marvelous orbs that could rival an owl’s in the night, could not penetrate the blur of daylight enough to gauge the distance. Again he ducked his head under the cowl, preferring a blind run to the dizziness of prolonged exposure to the sun, and sank back into the dark dreams of Menzoberranzan, the lightless underworld city of his ancestors. The drow elves had actually once walked on the surface world, dancing beneath the sun and the stars with their fair-skinned cousins. Yet the dark elves were malicious, passionless killers beyond the tolerance of even their normally unjudging kin. And in the inevitable war of the elven nations, the drow were driven into the bowels of the ground. Here they found a world of dark secrets and dark magics and were content to remain. Over the centuries, they had flourished and grown strong once more, attuning themselves to the ways of mysterious magics. They became more powerful than even their surface-dwelling cousins, whose dealings with the arcane arts under the life-giving warmth of the sun were hobby, not necessity. As a race, though, the drow had lost all desire to see the sun and the stars. Both their bodies and minds had adapted to the depths, and luckily for all who dwelt under the open sky, the evil dark elves were content to remain where they were, only occasionally resurfacing to raid and pillage. As far as Drizzt knew, he was the only one of his kind living on the surface. He had learned some tolerance of the light, but he still suffered the hereditary weaknesses it imparted upon his kind. Yet even considering his disadvantage under daytime conditions, Drizzt was outraged by his own carelessness when the two bearlike tundra yetis, their camouflaging coats of shaggy fur still colored in summer brown, suddenly rose up before him. * * * A red flag rose from the deck of one of the fishing boats, signaling a catch. Regis watched as it moved higher and higher. â€Å"A four-footer, or better,† the halfling mumbled approvingly when the flag topped out just below the mast’s crosspiece. â€Å"There’ll be singing in one house tonight!† A second ship raced up beside the one that had signaled the catch, banging into the anchored vessel in its rush. The two crews immediately drew weapons and faced off, though each remained on its respective ship. With nothing between him and the boats but empty water, Regis clearly heard the shouts of the captains. â€Å"Ere, ye stole me catch!† the captain of the second ship roared. â€Å"You’re water-weary!† the captain of the first ship retorted. â€Å"Never it was! It’s our fish fairly hooked and fairly hauled! Now be gone with your stinking tub before we take you out of the water!† Predictably, the crew of the second ship was over the rail and swinging before the captain of the first ship had finished speaking. Regis turned his eyes back to the clouds; the dispute on the boats did not hold any interest for him, though the noises of the battle were certainly disturbing. Such squabbles were common on the lakes, always over the fish, especially if someone landed a big one. Generally they weren’t too serious, more bluster and parrying than actual fighting, and only rarely did someone get badly wounded or killed. There were exceptions, though. In one skirmish involving no less than seventeen boats, three full crews and half of a fourth were cut down and left floating in the bloodied water. On that same day, that particular lake, the southernmost of the three, had its name changed from Dellon-lune to Redwaters. â€Å"Ah little fishes, what trouble you bring,† Regis muttered softly, pondering the irony of the havoc the silvery fish wreaked on the lives of the greedy people of Ten-Towns. These ten communities owed their very existence to the knucklehead trout, with their oversized, fist-shaped heads and bones the consistency of fine ivory. The three lakes were the only spots in the world where the valuable fish were known to swim, and though the region was barren and wild, overrun with humanoids and barbarians and sporting frequent storms that could flatten the sturdiest of buildings, the lure of quick wealth brought in people from the farthest reaches of the Realms. As many inevitably left as came in, though. Icewind Dale was a bleak, colorless wasteland of merciless weather and countless dangers. Death was a common visitor to the villagers, stalking any who could not face the harsh realities of Icewind Dale. Still, the towns had grown considerably in the century that had passed since the knuckleheads were first discovered. Initially the nine villages on the lakes were no more than the shanties where individual frontiersmen had staked out a claim on a particularly good fishing hole. The tenth village, Bryn Shander, though now a walled, bustling settlement of several thousand people, had been merely an empty hill sporting a solitary cabin where the fishermen would meet once a year, exchanging stories and goods with the traders from Luskan. Back in the early days of Ten-Towns a boat, even a oneman rowboat, out on the lakes, whose waters year-round were cold enough to kill in minutes anyone unfortunate enough to fall overboard, was a rare sight, but now every town on the lakes had a fleet of sailing vessels flying its flag. Targos alone, largest of the fishing towns, could put over a hundred vessels onto Maer Dualdon, some of them two-masted schooners with crews of ten or more. A death cry sounded from the embattled ships, and the clang of steel on steel rang out loudly. Regis wondered, and not for the first time, if the people of Ten-Towns would be better off without the troublesome fish. The halfling had to admit that Ten-Towns had been a haven for him, though. His practiced, nimble fingers adapted easily to the instruments of the scrimshander, and he had even been elected as the council spokesman of one of the villages. Granted, Lonelywood was the smallest and northernmost of the ten towns, a place where the rogues of rogues hid out, but Regis still considered his appointment an honor. It was convenient as well. As the only true scrimshander in Lonelywood, Regis was the sole person in the town with reason or desire to travel regularly to Bryn Shander, the principle settlement and market hub of Ten-Towns. This had proved to be quite a boon to the halfling. He became the primary courier to bring the catches of Lonelywood’s fishermen to market, for a commission equaling a tenth-piece of the goods. This alone kept him deep enough in ivory to make an easy living. Once a month during the summer season and once every three in the winter, weather permitting, Regis had to attend council meetings and fulfill his duties as spokesman. These meetings took place in Bryn Shander, and though they normally broke down into nothing more than petty arguments over fishing territories between villages, they usually lasted only a few hours. Regis considered his attendance a small price to pay for keeping his monopoly on trips to the southern marketplace. The fighting on the boats soon ended, only one man dead, and Regis drifted back into quiet enjoyment of the sailing clouds. The halfling looked back over his shoulder at the dozens of low wooden cabins dotting the thick rows of trees that comprised Lonelywood. Despite the reputation of its inhabitants, Regis found this town to be the best in the region. The trees provided a measure of protection from the howling wind and good corner posts for the houses. Only its distance from Bryn Shander had kept the town in the wood from being a more prominent member of Ten-Towns. Abruptly, Regis pulled the ruby pendant out from under his waistcoat and stared at the wondrous gem he had appropriated from his former master a thousand miles and more to the south, in Calimport. â€Å"Ah, Pook,† he mused, â€Å"if only you could see me now.† * * * The elf went for the two scimitars sheathed on his hips, but the yetis closed quickly. Instinctively, Drizzt spun to his left, sacrificing his opposite flank to accept the rush of the closest monster. His right arm became helplessly pinned to his side as the yeti wrapped its great arms around him, but he managed to keep his left arm free enough to draw his second weapon. Ignoring the pain of the yeti’s squeeze, Drizzt set the hilt of the scimitar firmly against his hip and allowed the momentum of the second charging monster to impale it on the curving blade. In its frenzied death throes, the second yeti pulled away, taking the scimitar with it. The remaining monster bore Drizzt to the ground under its weight. The drow worked his free hand frantically to keep the deadly teeth from gaining a hold on his throat, but he knew that it was only a matter of time before his stronger foe finished him. Suddenly Drizzt heard a sharp crack. The yeti shuddered violently. Its head contorted weirdly, and a gout of blood and brains poured over its face from above its forehead. â€Å"Yer late, elf!† came the rough edge of a familiar voice. Bruenor Battlehammer walked up the back of his dead foe, disregarding the fact that the heavy monster lay on top of his elven friend. In spite of the added discomfort, the dwarf’s long, pointed, often-broken nose and gray-streaked, though still-fiery red beard came as a welcome sight to Drizzt. â€Å"Knew I’d find ye in trouble if I came out an’ looked for ye!† Smiling in relief, and also at the mannerisms of the ever-amazing dwarf, Drizzt managed to wriggle out from under the monster while Bruenor worked to free his axe from the thick skull. â€Å"Head’s as hard as frozen oak!† grumbled the dwarf. He planted his feet behind the yeti’s ears and pulled the axe free with a mighty jerk. â€Å"Where’s that kitten o’ yers, anyway?† Drizzt fumbled around in his pack for a moment and produced a small onyx statue of a panther. â€Å"I’d hardly label Guenhwyvar a kitten,† he said with fond reverence. He turned the figurine over in his hands, feeling the intricate details of the work to ensure that it had not been damaged in the fall under the yeti. â€Å"Bah, a cat’s a cat!† insisted the dwarf. â€Å"An’ why isn’t it here when ye needed it?† â€Å"Even a magical animal needs its rest,† Drizzt explained. â€Å"Bah,† Bruenor spouted again. â€Å"It’s sure to be a sorry day when a drow – and a ranger, what’s more – gets taken off ‘is guard on an open plain by two scab tundra yetis!† Bruenor licked his stained axe blade, then spat in disgust. â€Å"Foul beasts!† he grumbled. â€Å"Can’t even eat the damn things!† He pounded the axe into the ground to clean the blade and stomped off toward Kelvin’s Cairn. Drizzt put Guenhwyvar back into the pack and went to retrieve his scimitar from the other monster. â€Å"Come on, elf,† scolded the dwarf. â€Å"We’ve five miles an more of road to go!† Drizzt shook his head; and wiped the bloodstained blade on the felled monster’s fur: â€Å"Roll on, Bruenor Battlehammer,† he whispered under his smile. â€Å"And know to your pleasure that every monster along our trail will mark well your passing and keep its head safely hidden!† How to cite The Crystal Shard 2. On the Banks of Maer Dualdon, Essay examples

A Sand County Almanac Essay Research Paper free essay sample

A Sand County Almanac Essay, Research Paper A Sand County Almanac Leopold, Aldo Published in 1949 Oxford University Press, Inc. Would I urge A Sand County Almanac to person I know? Depending upon who it was, I would decidedly urge this book. I think I would propose this book for person who enjoys the out-of-doorss. But person who does non appreciate the out-of-doorss, in my sentiment, would non acquire every bit much out of the book. The ground I would urge this book is because I thought it did a splendid occupation depicting the tinniest things and doing them interesting. Who would hold known that reading about chickadees feeding or depicting a bur oak would be interesting to read? The first portion of the book is broken down into months, while the concluding portion truly goes into Leopold # 8217 ; s land moralss. Partss I and II of A Sand County Almanac are recounts of different episodes of Leopold # 8217 ; s life. We will write a custom essay sample on A Sand County Almanac Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is possibly these remembrances that were the inspiration for his land ethic theory. When Leopold is depicting his life on his sand farm in Wisconsin, the reader seems to acquire the sense that even though a bigger and better society is go throughing before his eyes, he tries to travel back to the manner things were. Harmonizing to Leopold, this is where 1 can still happen the being of God. Throughout Part II of the book, Leopold recollects some past state of affairss that have taught him the jobs originating in the universe around us. What precisely is land moralss? Harmonizing to Leopold, # 8220 ; Land moralss expands the boundaries of moralss by including dirts, Waterss, workss, and animate beings, # 8221 ; ( Leopold, page 239 ) . However, a land moral principle can non forestall the change, direction, and the usage of the resources stated above. Basically, Leopold states that land moralss change the function that we worlds play from that of a land-conqueror to that of a citizen and member. In category, we l earned that land moralss imply regard for the environing community. We as worlds are of import, and therefore, have more duty to protect the environment. Leopold # 8217 ; s land pyramid describes the hierarchal kineticss of the biotic community. Based upon what we learned in category, a biotic community is the relationship between dirt and animate beings. It is a amount of all the parts within the community. The pyramid represents beds within the biotic community. The bottom bed is the dirt. A works bed rests upon the dirt bed, an insect bed lies atop the workss, a bird and gnawer bed rests upon the insects. The pyramid works its manner up the assorted carnal groups until it eventually comes to the extremum bed, which consists of the laager carnivorous animate beings. Leopold topographic points worlds in the top bed. There was one thought in peculiar that truly struck me in this book. Though it is simply a narrative in portion II and non a chief point in the book, I found the Hunt for his first duck rather interesting. I could associate to what he was stating. He describes himself as a immature aspiring huntsman hiting his first duck with a single-barrelled scattergun. He waited and waited until a duck eventually flew over and he shot him. The joy of the first putting to death was exultant. I remember when I shot my first pheasant as an aspiring huntsman. I felt a sense of power. Watching the bird easy descend was discontinue a haste, sing I was merely 10 old ages old at the clip. As for another thought that I can associate to, I would hold to state the thought of the land pyramid is something that affects me. This is something that we all depend upon. The beds are dependent upon the other and without the presence of one ; all other beds would non be able to properly map. I think it does a good occupation of demoing the importance each bed has in our environment. Soil is the footing for all life, and that is why it is at the underside of the pyramid.

The Passive Voice Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction The English linguistic communication offers its talkers a assortment of agencies to show actions and emotions. In order to carry through this. the talker by and large must use verbs. Fortunately the linguistic communication offers a rich array of verbs from which to take. but larning all of the tenses. voices and abnormalities of these verbs can be disputing. On hard verb construct for pupils to maestro is that of the active and inactive voices. Basically. the English linguistic communication consists of two chief voices: the passive and the active voice. The active voice is by and large preferred in vivid authorship. while the inactive voice is reserved for more rare occasions. The term voice. harmonizing to Pollack. refers to the relationship between the topic and the verb in a sentence ( 163 ) . In active voice buildings. the topic of the sentence acts upon an object through an active voice verb. In inactive voice buildings the topic receives the action of the verb instead than moving on it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Passive Voice Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rational of this paper is to analyse the inactive voice by presenting general utilizations of it. so discoursing the signifiers of it. and reasoning with the significance of the passive when used alternatively of the active voice. General Uses of the Passive Voice Passive voice is distinguished from active voice by the focal point. or intending. of the sentence. The active voice focal points on the topic. or who is making the action. The inactive voice focal points on the action itself – what happened? ( Pollack 164 ) . For illustration. a sentence reads as follows: The male child threw the ball. This sentence is in active voice because the male child. the topic. is the agent of action. the 1 that performs the action of the verb which is ‘to throw. ’ . The male child here is emphasized. as opposed to. state. the miss or the adult male. If the sentence were to be converted to inactive voice. it would read as follows: The ball was thrown by the male child. In this sentence the ball is the topic. but alternatively of being the agent of the action. the ball is the receiving system of the action. After all. the ball didn’t throw anything. Here. the focal point is on the fact that the ball was thrown instead than possibly kicked or rolled. The purpose of the author or talker. so. is of import in taking to utilize the inactive voice. How to Form the Passive Voice The inactive voice is formed by uniting some signifier of the verb ‘to be’ with a past participial. When organizing the present tense. the author would utilize am. is or are with the past participial ( ‘am formed’ . ‘is formed’ or ‘are formed’ ) . to organize the past tense. the author would utilize was or were plus the past participial ( ‘was formed’ or ‘were formed’ ) . Finally the hereafter passive is formed by utilizing the word will + be + the past participial. as in ‘will be formed’ . For illustration: Active voicePassive Voice The president forms a commission. The commission is formed by the president. The president formed a commission. The commission was formed by the president. The president will organize a commission. The commission will be formed by the president. A 2nd manner to organize the inactive voice is to utilize the verb ‘to get’ with the past participial. Harmonizing to Riggenbach and Samuda. this â€Å"get passive† is more informal than the â€Å"be passive† and frequently used more in conversation. The undermentioned illustrations show the difference: John’s Canis familiaris was scratched by his cat. John’s Canis familiaris got scratched by his cat. The 2nd sentence is more informal than the first. The writers go on to observe that the â€Å"get-passive† may frequently except the concluding prepositional phrase. Meaning of the Passive Voice and When a Writer Chooses to Use It. Other times. the author may deliberately utilize the inactive voice to avoid calling an agent of action. He may prefer to stay nonsubjective and let the reader to find the agent for himself. or he may merely non cognize who the agent is. For illustration. the undermentioned sentence can be interpreted both ways: The ball was thrown into the room. Harmonizing to the first account. the author may be purposefully keep backing the information in order to make suspense or coerce the reader to find the â€Å"thrower† for himself. Or. the individuality of the â€Å"thrower† may non be known at all. doing it impossible to make an active voice sentence without the usage of the vague capable â€Å"one† or â€Å"someone† ( Deakins. Perry and Viscount 235 ) . One common mistake in an wrong usage of the inactive voice is to merely utilize it when there is no demand. If for illustration. the author presents the undermentioned sentence: The ball was thrown by the male child. the concluding prepositional phrase. which Werner calls the by + agent phrase. tells the individuality of the throwster. In this instance. this sentence can easy be converted to active voice. It is by and large considered hapless manner to overdrive the inactive voice. so the author should maintain his usage of it merely to those grounds presented above. Some common inactive voice verbs include based. connected. covered. filled. formed. known. involved. located. made up or of. related. and used for and to. Wilson summarizes the five chief grounds to utilize the inactive voice: First. as discussed earlier. if the author wants to stress the receiving system of an action instead than the agent. he should utilize the active voice. For illustration. if the author wants to stress that the ball was thrown instead than a shoe. he might compose the undermentioned sentence: The ball was thrown into the crowd by the male child. To compose this in active voice would be to concentrate onwhothrew the ball. instead than on the ball itself. Second. the author may desire to take the accent off from the agent of action. This is known as atruncated inactive voicein which the agent of action is dropped from the sentence all together. The writer suggests utilizing the abbreviated inactive voice of the agent is unimportant or irrelevant as good. An illustration may be for the inactive voice sentence above. Its abbreviated inactive voice would be The ball was thrown into the crowd. Here. it is apparent that cipher truly knows who threw the ball into the crowd or that it doesn’t affair for the significance of the authorship. Third. as mentioned above. sometimes the writer does non desire to uncover the agent. This may happen for a assortment of grounds. including the desire to avoid duty or the desire to stay nonsubjective as an writer. Fourth. the usage of the inactive voice may be necessary to make smooth and unstable passages between sentences. Sometimes the active voice may make an awkward interruption in the flow of the sentence which consequences in a break of the flow of the piece of composing. Finally. and likewise. the writer may desire to keep a consistent point of position. and this may be managed merely by utilizing the inactive voice. Decision Great authors are able to develop their ain personal sense of manner. In making so. they must larn even the niceties of linguistic communication which include the usage of the active and inactive voice. Learning when and how to utilize this peculiar verb building is instrumental in taking any writer’s written look to the following degree. PASSIVE VOICE HANDOUT What is the inactive voice? The inactive voice is formed by utilizing a signifier of the verb ‘to be’ plus a past participial to demo an action. In this instance. the action is non performed BY the topic but UPON the topic. Examples Active: The male child bounced the ball. Passive voice: The ball was bounced by the male child. Trouble Musca volitanss when utilizing the inactive voice! You know you are overdriving the inactive voice when you find yourself adding a batch of â€Å"by† phrases. For illustration: The ball was bouncedby the male child The Meleagris gallopavo was eatenby the kids. Both of these sentences clearly give an action ( bounciness and eat ) and an agent of the action ( male child and kids ) . Therefore. they could both be written more compactly in the active voice. The male child bounced the ball. The kids ate the Meleagris gallopavo. Helpful Tips for utilizing the inactive voice! For illustration: The ball was bounced. (It doesn’t affair WHO bounced the ball or cipher truly knows WHO bounced the ball. ) For illustration: The ball was bounced. ( The BALL instead than the BEANBAG was bounced. ) For illustration: The ball was bounced. ( We don’t want to state who bounced the ball because it hurt person or because we want to maintain it a secret until the terminal of the story. ) For illustration: The ball was bounced. ( There can be many illustrations for this ; fundamentally. the flow of the words that come before and follow the sentence can assist you find if inactive voice is appropriate. ) SAMPLE EXERCISE ONE – REWRITE EACH ACTIVE VOICE SENTENCE INTO THE ACTIVE VOICE. SAMPLE EXERCISE TWO – TELL WHETHER EACH USE OF THE PASSIVE VOICE BELOW IS ACCEPTABLE OR NOT ACCEPTABLE. Rewrite THE NON-ACCEPTABLE USES INTO ACTIVE VOICE. Plants Cited Riggenbach. Heidi. and Virginia Samuda.Grammar Dimentions.Boston: Heinle A ; Heinle Publishers. 1993. Deakins. Alice H. . Kate Parry. and Robert R. Viscount.The Tapestry Grammar.Boston: Heinle A ; Heinle Publishers. 1994. Pollock. Carroll Washington.Communicate What You Mean. New jersey: Prentice Hall. Inc. . 1982. Werner. Patricia K. .A Content-Based Grammar. New york: The McGraw-Hill Companies. Inc. . 1996. Wilbers. Stephen. Sometimes the inactive voice is better than the active. Minneapolis Star Tribune: October 27. 1995

College English Essay Samples - How to Get Started

College English Essay Samples - How to Get StartedCollege English Essay samples will give you a great starting point when trying to write an essay. They contain common college topics, which makes them easy to follow. In addition, the common themes in the samples make it easier to recognize and put into words the ideas that have been described.The most common college essay samples you will find are written by college students. These samples were taken from student work submitted for college credit. Students were expected to write essays about various topics that were commonly found in their courses. This is one way that colleges could be sure that the students had a good grasp of what the class was all about.In addition to the sample articles, you will also find helpful guides that provide tips on how to complete your work. Many of these guides give you step-by-step instructions that make the process go faster. A lot of people who take these guides will actually hire someone to assist them with writing their own assignments.College writing guides for essays are used by thousands of students each year. Students often use these guides to help get a head start on their college assignments. They find that they will be less stressed when they know what they are doing before beginning their work. They will also benefit by completing a project that will get them extra credit at school.There are many online sources where you can purchase the college essay samples that you need. You will find many different options that are available, which make it easy to buy a package that will include a number of samples. It is up to you to decide which type of guide is right for you.If you have not done much work on your own writing before, you may want to start with something that is easy for you to understand. The same rule applies to the essays that you do to earn college credit. Make sure that you go through the sample chapters and articles thoroughly so that you will know exactl y what is required of you.If you find that the information in the sample chapters does not really prepare you for the kind of work that you will have to do in the real world, it is time to move on to a guide that will help you get started. You may have the best results by purchasing an eBook that contains some kind of a sample chapter or section. This will help you get an idea of how your work will sound and also give you an idea of what kind of college essay will have to be written.College English Essay samples are useful tools that any student should use when trying to learn to write. The guides contain easy to follow instructions, making it simple to work through the chapters. You will find that by using this guidance, you will be able to get your work done quickly.

Lyndon jhonson essays

Lyndon jhonson essays Lyndon Baines Johnson was born on Aug. 27, 1908, on a farm near Stonewall Texas. On Nov. 22, 1963, Johnson took the oath of office as the 36th president of the United States after John F. Kennedy had been shot in Dallas. With a background in government and also in the Baptist church, Johnson was deeply involved in civil rights and that will be shown in his first term after he was promoted to presidency by the assassination of the a president and in his second term second after he was elected as president of the United States after receiving 61% of the nations votes, which is over 16 million votes. . On November 25, while on trip to Texas, John F. Kennedy was assassinated by an unknown gunman, Johnson was immediately put into office. In his State of the Union Address shortly after, he announced a slash in the National Budget. He called for more spending on education, health care and job training. But, he then stated that there would be less spending on military even though with situation in Southeast Asia .A major event in Johnson's first year as president was the Congressional passage of one of the largest civil rights bills in the nation's history. The bill had been show to Congress in June 1963 during the large civil rights demonstrations being healed during the time. It was originally Kennedys bill, but Johnson firmly stood behind it. The bill passed the House of Representatives in February, but Southern opponents tried to stop its passage into the Senate. But, the bill then passed the Senate, 73 to 27. In July President Johnson signed it into law. Johnson ran for his second term. Johnson ran for Presidency and won by a landslide. His opponent was Goldwater. Johnson won by the biggest landslide in the nations history. He won in every state except for Goldwaters state, Arizona, and five states in the Deep South. During his time in office Johnson made his plan called the Great Society. Th ...

History of the Textile Industry

History of the Textile Industry The major steps in the manufacture of textiles and clothes are: Harvest and clean the fiber or wool.Card it and spin it into threads.Weave the threads into cloth.Fashion and sew the cloth into clothes. Great Britains Lead in Textile Machinery During the early eighteenth century, Great Britain was determined to dominate the textile industry. Laws forbade the export of English textile machinery, drawings of the machinery, and written specifications of the machines that would allow them to be constructed in other countries. Britain had the power loom, a steam-powered, mechanically-operated version of a regular loom for weaving. Britain also had the spinning frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns at a faster rate. Meanwhile the stories of what these machines could do excited envy in other countries. Americans were struggling to improve the old hand loom, found in every house, and to make some sort of a spinning machine to replace the spinning wheel by which one thread at a time was laboriously spun. American Failures with Textile Machinery and the American Textile Industry Flounders In 1786, in Massachusetts, two Scotch immigrants, who claimed to be familiar with Richard Arkwrights British-made spinning frame, were employed to design and build spinning machines for the mass production of yarn. The inventors were encouraged by the U.S. government and assisted with grants of money. The resulting machines, operated by horse power, were crude, and the textiles produced irregular and unsatisfactory. In Providence, Rhode Island another company tried to build spinning machines with thirty-two spindles. They worked badly and all attempts to run them by water-power failed. In 1790, the faulty machines were sold to Moses Brown of Pawtucket. Brown and his partner, William Almy, employed enough hand-loom weavers to produce eight thousand yards of cloth a year by hand. Brown needed working spinning machinery, to provide his weavers with more yarn, however, the machines he bought were lemons. In 1790, there was not a single successful power-spinner in the United States. How Did the Textile Revolution Finally Happen in the United States? The textile industry was founded by the work and importance of the following businessmen, inventors, and inventions: Samuel Slater and MillsSamuel Slater has been called both the Father of American Industry and the Founder of the American Industrial Revolution. Slater built several successful cotton mills in New England and established the town of Slatersville, Rhode Island. Francis Cabot Lowell and Power LoomsFrancis Cabot Lowell was an American businessman and the founder of the worlds first textile mill. Together with inventor Paul Moody, Lowell created a more efficient power loom and a spinning apparatus. Elias Howe and Sewing MachinesBefore the invention of the sewing machine, most sewing was done by individuals in their homes, however, many people offered services as tailors or seamstresses in small shops where wages were very low. One inventor was struggling to put into metal an idea to lighten the toil of those who lived by the needle. Ready-Made Clothing It was not until after the  power-driven sewing machine  was invented, that factory production of clothes and shoes on a large scale occurred. Before sewing machines, nearly all clothing was local and hand-sewn, there were tailors and seamstresses in most towns that could make individual items of clothing for customers. About 1831, George Opdyke (later Mayor of New York) began the small-scale manufacture of ready-made clothing, which he stocked and sold largely through a store in New Orleans.  Opdyke was one of the first American merchants to do so. But it was not until after the power-driven sewing machine was invented, that factory production of clothes on a large scale occurred. Since then the clothing industry has grown. Ready-Made Shoes The Singer machine of 1851 was strong enough to sew leather and was adopted by shoemakers. These shoemakers were found chiefly in Massachusetts, and they had traditions reaching back at least to Philip Kertland, a famous shoemaker (circa 1636) who taught many apprentices. Even in the early days before machinery, division of labor was the rule in the shops of Massachusetts. One workman cut the leather, often tanned on the premises; another sewed the uppers together, while another sewed on the soles. Wooden pegs were invented in 1811 and came into common use about 1815 for the cheaper grades of shoes: Soon the practice of sending out the uppers to be done by women in their own homes became common. These women were wretchedly paid, and when the sewing machine came to do the work better than it could be done by hand, the practice of putting out work gradually declined. That variation of the sewing machine which was to do the more difficult work of sewing the sole to the upper was the invention of a mere boy, Lyman Blake.  The first model, completed in 1858, was imperfect, but Lyman Blake was able to interest Gordon McKay, of Boston, and three years of patient experimentation and large expenditure followed. The McKay sole-sewing machine, which they produced, came into use, and for twenty-one years was used almost universally both in the United States and Great Britain. But this, like all the other useful inventions, was in time enlarged and greatly improved, and hundreds of other inventions have been made in the shoe industry. There are machines to split leather, to make the thickness absolutely uniform, to sew the uppers, to insert eyelets, to cut out heel tops, and many more. In fact, division of labor has been carried farther in the making of shoes than in most industries, for there about three hundred separate operations in making a pair of sh oes.

Conceal and Carry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conceal and Carry - Essay Example Statistics related to crime, hand gun related crime, and attempts to circumvent the law will be balanced to determine if the law has had an effect positive or negative on the state following passage. In the final view, it will be clear that the changes in legislation that make it easier for a person to receive a license to carry a concealed firearm are beneficial in: â€Å"In Minnesota, a person may not carry a pistol in a public place unless they are in possession of a permit to carry. Exceptions to the permit requirement include law enforcement officers and other defined instances (Minnesota Statutes, section 624.714). In 2003, the movement to change the permit application process from may issue (discretionary) to shall issue succeeded with the passage of Laws of Minnesota 2003, Chapter 28, Article 2. The shall issue application process limits the local law enforcement discretion provision and requires the granting of permits to all applicants who meet minimum requirements. Efforts to change Minnesota from a may issue to a shall issue state took place over several years.† (Minnesota Legislative Reference Library, 2009) It is important to recognize that there are two main issues in this case. The first is the constitutional debate over the validity of requiring permits for carrying concealed weapons. The Second Amendment guarantees the right to bear firearms, so it is questionable under what authority government can take away that right by requiring concealed weapons permits. The legal basis for the argument is as Justice Harlan writes in Terry vs. Ohio, namely that â€Å"concealed weapons create an immediate and severe danger to the public.† (Cornell, 2010) This is debatable under the traditional response that â€Å"guns don’t kill people, people kill people†. For example, are non-concealed weapons, openly worn or brandished, less dangerous than concealed weapons? Concealed weapons

Project management and the problem of project escalation Essay

Project management and the problem of project escalation - Essay Example As Keil suggested in his article, there are four factors that contribute to escalation, namely: project factors, psychological factors, social factors, and organizational factors. In this respect, effectively addressing escalation must, therefore, centre on addressing these factors.   First, it is important to complete a comprehensive cost-benefit and risk analysis at the initial planning stage in order to give project managers sufficient information with regard to decisions regarding the IT project. This will be able to address the objective factors that are caused by poor judgment on the scale of a project.Second, it is also important for the project team, preferably with the help of a professional not to the team, to establish protocols and standards to serve as indicators that will signal when a project must be abandoned, and when it is still salvageable. A separate quality analyst must also be employed to monitor these indicators and compare it with the project team’s p rogress. This will place part of the responsibility in abandoning a project on an outsider who will not be affected by the same psychological factors that plague project managers.   Third, it is also imperative to promote teamwork and a cooperative atmosphere within a project team to ensure that rivalry or any negative behavior that can affect a team’s ability to make sound decisions are not compromised. In this respect, team-building activities will be beneficial.   Fourth, in order to avoid pressure.

Language Teacher Response

Language Teacher Response Teachers questioning Strategies in EFL classrooms 1) What type of questions does the teacher use? 2 Is there a predominance of any particular type(s)? 3) What modification techniques does s/he employ when questions are not understood? 4) How much L2 production do questions generate from the learners? Questioning is considered by researchers as one of the commonly used strategies in language classrooms. Questions are a very important aspect of classroom talk and teachers talk is largely made up of questioning (Tsui 1995). Educational studies on language classrooms have focused on the effect of teacher questions on learners production of the target language and on the types of learner response (Tsui 1995). Teachers questions are a means of engaging learners attention, encouraging verbal responses, and assessing learners progress (Chaudron 1988). Tsui (1995) has elaborated the functions of questions as a source of checking students understanding, to confirm if they have gained the knowledge imparted, to focus their attention, make them involved in the lesson, to take the lesson forward and some teachers ask questions to maintain discipline in the classroom and especially in language classroom questions serve the purpose of making students practice a certain language item and to use the target language for communication. Questioning can either assist target language production or result in meaningful content-related responses by learners (Chaudron 1988). Ellis (1994) gives more emphasis on questioning as a way of keeping control over the classroom discourse. Long (1981) argues that questioning probably facilitates interaction by establishing the topic and who is likely to speak next (Chaudron 1988). Questions provide learners with the opportunity to speak the language and generate a series of follow up conversation among learners as well as helping teacher to check comprehension (Brown 1994).But on the other hand Chaudron (1988) is of the opinion that the nature of questions may strictly limit the possibilities for the students to respond at length. According to Tsui (1995) in majority of the ESL classrooms main part of classroom interaction is created by the teacher posing questions and these can be nearly 70 percent of the classroom talk. But Chaudron (1988) attributes only 20 t0 40 percent classroom talk to questioning. Johnston (1990) observed a total of 522 questions of different types in three hours of language class. Similarly, Long and Sato (1983) observed a total of 938 questions in six ESL lessons (Ellis 1994). Types of Questions The type of questions that the teacher asks affects the kind of response that the students produce (Tsui 1995) Much of the work on questions has centered on developing taxonomies to describe the different types (Ellis, 1994:587). There are so many different types of questions that it is difficult to decide on different categories (Richards and Lockhart 1996, Ellis 1994). However, Tsui (1995) argues that various types of questions are based on the factors such as their cognitive demand and their effect on students. Closed and Open Question Closed and Open-ended questions are distinguished by an early study on L1 classrooms (Barnes 1969 cited in Chaudron 1988). In the earliest classification Barnes (1969; 1976) Closed questions have a short and fixed answer (Barnes 1969). The questions that begin with where, who, when and what are considered factual questions (Barnes 1969 cited in Tsui 1995) having closed and usually brief set of responses (Chaudron 1988). For example Where were you born? (Chaudron 1988) Open questions begin with why and how and are classified having longer response therefore the length and nature of the expected response is left open (Chaudron 1988). They can be referred as general information questions (cf. Naiman et al. 1978; Bialystok et al. 1978 cited in Chaudron 1988). For example What did you do on trip? (Chaudron 1988) Questions that seek for reason (how? and why?) can be both open and close, much of the distinction is made by Barens (1969) between these two types of reasoning questioning (Ellis 1994). Closed reasoning-type questions are the ones that allow one acceptable answer where as open are framed to allow a number of different acceptable responses. However, Barens also points out that many questions have the appearance of being open, but, in fact, when the teachers response to a students answer is examined, turn out to be closed; he calls these pseudo-questions'( Ellis 1994). Long and Satos Taxonomy (1983) The taxonomy which will be used in this research paper is given by Long and Sato (1983) which is based on Kearsleys (1976) framework of question types (Ellis 1994). Long and Sato (1983) made necessary changes in Kearsleys (1976) taxonomy of question types according to their study of ESL teachers questions (Ellis 1994). This taxonomy cited by Ellis (1994) is as follows: Echoic Comprehension checks e.g., All right?; OK?; Does everyone understand polite? Clarification requests e.g., What do you mean?; I dont understand; What? Confirmation checks e.g., S: Carefully. T: Carefully?; Did you say he? Epistemic Referential e.g. Why didnt you do your homework? Display e.g. Whats the opposite of up in English? Expressive e.g. Its interesting the different pronunciations we have now, but isnt it? Rhetorical: e.g. Why did I do that? Because I This framework of questions is based on two main question types, echoic questions and epistemic questions with seven sub-categories. Echoic questions seek for repetition of an utterance or confirm that it has been understood by the listener whereas epistemic questions obtain information from the learners (Ellis 1994). The sub-categories include comprehension checks, clarification requests and confirmation checks under echoic questions and referential, display, expressive, and rhetorical are the sub-categories of epistemic questions (Ellis 1994). Display and Referential Questions Taxonomies by Koivukari (1987) and Hakansson and Lindberg (1988) Questioning Behavior Questions and learner production Modification of questions According to Richards and Lockhart (1996) questioning can be used to allow the learners to keep participating in the discourse and even modify it so that the language used becomes more comprehensible and personally relevant. Wait Time Socio-Cultural Contest